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<div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="line-height:1.1em">
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5">概述</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <strong class="selflink">综述</strong> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="class.html" title="cpp/language/class"><code>class</code>/<code>struct</code> 类型</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="union.html" title="cpp/language/union"><code>union</code> 类型</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="injected-class-name.html" title="cpp/language/injected-class-name">注入类名</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5">成员</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="data_members.html" title="cpp/language/data members">数据成员</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="static.html" title="cpp/language/static">静态成员</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="this.html" title="cpp/language/this"><code>this</code> 指针</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="nested_classes.html" title="cpp/language/nested types">嵌套类</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="member_template.html" title="cpp/language/member template">成员模板</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="bitfield.html" title="cpp/language/bit field">位域</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="using_declaration.html" title="cpp/language/using declaration"><code>using</code> 声明</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="member_functions.html" title="cpp/language/member functions">成员函数</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="access.html" title="cpp/language/access">成员访问指定符</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="initializer_list.html" title="cpp/language/constructor">构造函数与成员初始化器列表</a></td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5">特殊成员函数</td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5">继承</td></tr>
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</table></div>
</div><div></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div></div>
<p>类是一种用户定义类型。
</p><p>类的类型可以由类说明符定义，它在<a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations">声明</a>语法的 <span class="t-spar">声明说明符序列</span> 中出现。类说明符拥有下列语法：
</p>
<table class="t-sdsc-begin">

<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td> <span class="t-spar">类关键词</span> <span class="t-spar">属性</span> <span class="t-spar">类头名</span> <code><b>{</b></code> <span class="t-spar">成员说明</span> <code><b>}</b></code>
</td>
<td> (1)
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td></tr>



<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td> <span class="t-spar">类关键词</span> <span class="t-spar">属性</span> <span class="t-spar">类头名</span> <code><b>:</b></code> <span class="t-spar">基类说明符序列</span> <code><b>{</b></code> <span class="t-spar">成员说明</span> <code><b>}</b></code>
</td>
<td> (2)
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td></tr>



<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr></table>
<table class="t-par-begin">


<tr class="t-par">
<td>  <span class="t-spar">类关键词</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td>  <a href="../keyword/class.html" title="cpp/keyword/class"><tt>class</tt></a>、<a href="../keyword/struct.html" title="cpp/keyword/struct"><tt>struct</tt></a>、<a href="../keyword/union.html" title="cpp/keyword/union"><tt>union</tt></a> 之一
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td>  <span class="t-spar">属性</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td>  <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span> 可选的任意数量的<a href="attributes.html" title="cpp/language/attributes">属性</a>序列
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td>  <span class="t-spar">类头名</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td>  被定义的类名。可以前接 <span class="t-spar">嵌套名说明符</span>（名字和作用域解析运算符的序列，以作用域解析运算符结尾），可以后随关键词 <a href="../keyword/final.html" title="cpp/keyword/final"><tt>final</tt></a>。可以忽略该名字，此时类是无名的（注意无名类不可以是 final 的）
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td>  <span class="t-spar">基类说明符序列</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td>  一个或多个父类及其各自所用的继承模型的列表（见<a href="derived_class.html" title="cpp/language/derived class">派生类</a>）
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td>  <span class="t-spar">成员说明</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td>  访问说明符、成员对象和成员函数的声明和定义的列表（见<a href="class.html" title="cpp/language/class">类定义</a>）
</td></tr></table>
<p>类关键词 <code>struct</code> 和 <code>class</code> 在 C++ 中不可分，除了默认<a href="access.html" title="cpp/language/access">访问模式</a>和默认<a href="derived_class.html" title="cpp/language/derived class">继承模式</a>，当类定义使用 <code>struct</code> <span class="t-spar">类关键词</span> 则为 <code>public</code>，若类定义使用 <code>class</code> <span class="t-spar">类关键词</span> 则为 <code>private</code>。<code>class</code> 和 <code>struct</code> 均可用于<a href="class.html" title="cpp/language/class">类定义</a>。
</p><p>使用类关键词 <code>union</code> 所得的是<a href="union.html" title="cpp/language/union">联合体定义</a>，它定义在同一时刻只保有其一个数据成员的类。
</p><p>类可以拥有下列种类的成员：
</p>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 数据成员：</div>
<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">a)</span> <a href="data_members.html" title="cpp/language/data members">非静态数据成员</a>，包括<a href="bitfield.html" title="cpp/language/bit field">位域</a>。</div>
<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">b)</span> <a href="static.html#.E9.9D.99.E6.80.81.E6.95.B0.E6.8D.AE.E6.88.90.E5.91.98" title="cpp/language/static">静态数据成员</a></div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 成员函数：</div>
<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">a)</span> <a href="member_functions.html" title="cpp/language/member functions">非静态成员函数</a></div>
<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">b)</span> <a href="static.html#.E9.9D.99.E6.80.81.E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0" title="cpp/language/static">静态成员函数</a></div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> 嵌套类型：</div>
<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">a)</span> 在类定义之中定义的<a href="nested_classes.html" title="cpp/language/nested types">嵌套类</a>及<a href="enum.html" title="cpp/language/enum">枚举</a></div>
<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">b)</span> 既存类型的别名，以 <a href="typedef.html" title="cpp/language/typedef"><code>typedef</code></a> <span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>或<a href="type_alias.html" title="cpp/language/type alias">类型别名</a></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></span></span>声明定义</div>
<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">c)</span> 就<a href="unqualified_lookup.html#.E6.B3.A8.E5.85.A5.E7.B1.BB.E5.90.8D" title="cpp/language/unqualified lookup">查找</a>而言（除非在用作<a href="initializer_list.html" title="cpp/language/initializer list" class="mw-redirect">构造函数</a>名时），类的名字在该类自身的定义中，表现为一个作为其自身的类型别名的公开成员：这被称作<i><a href="injected-class-name.html" title="cpp/language/injected-class-name">注入类名</a></i></div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4)</span> 来自定义于类中的所有无作用域枚举<span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx20"><span>，或由 <a href="using_declaration.html" title="cpp/language/using declaration">using 声明</a>或 <a href="enum.html#using_enum_.E5.A3.B0.E6.98.8E" title="cpp/language/enum">using enum 声明</a>引入</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></span></span>的<a href="enum.html" title="cpp/language/enum">枚举项</a></div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">5)</span> <a href="member_template.html" title="cpp/language/member template">成员模板</a>（<span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx14"><span>变量模板、</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14 起)</span></span></span>类模板或函数模板）可出现于任何非局部 class/struct/union 定义体内。</div>
<p>所有成员都在类定义中一次性定义，不能向已定义的类添加成员（与命名空间成员不同）
</p><p>类 <code>T</code> 的成员，如果它是静态数据成员、成员函数、成员类型、成员模板、无作用域枚举的枚举项、匿名成员联合体的成员，那么不能使用 <code>T</code> 作为其名字。然而，非静态数据成员可使用名称 <code>T</code> ，只要没有用户声明的构造函数。
</p><p>声明或继承了至少一个<a href="virtual.html" title="cpp/language/virtual">虚</a>成员函数的类是<i>多态</i>的。此类型的对象是<a href="object.html#.E5.A4.9A.E6.80.81.E5.AF.B9.E8.B1.A1" title="cpp/language/object">多态对象</a>，并拥有作为其对象表示一部分存储的运行时类型信息，它可以通过 <a href="dynamic_cast.html" title="cpp/language/dynamic cast"><code>dynamic_cast</code></a> 和 <a href="typeid.html" title="cpp/language/typeid"><code>typeid</code></a> 查询到。虚成员函数参与动态绑定。
</p><p>声明或继承了至少一个纯虚函数的类是<a href="abstract_class.html" title="cpp/language/abstract class">抽象类</a>。不能创建此类型的对象。
</p>
 <table class="t-rev-begin">
<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx11"><td>
<p>拥有 <a href="constexpr.html" title="cpp/language/constexpr">constexpr</a> 构造函数的类是<a href="../named_req/LiteralType.html" title="cpp/named req/LiteralType"><span style="font-style:italic">字面类型</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LiteralType)</span> </a>：此类型的对象能用 <a href="constexpr.html" title="cpp/language/constexpr">constexpr</a> 函数在编译时进行操作。
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td></tr>
</table>
<p>一些成员函数是特殊的：某些条件下，即使用户不定义，编译器也会定义它们。它们是：
</p>
<ul><li> <a href="default_constructor.html" title="cpp/language/default constructor">默认构造函数</a>
</li><li> <a href="copy_constructor.html" title="cpp/language/copy constructor">复制构造函数</a>
</li></ul>
 <table class="t-rev-begin t-rev-begin-noborder">
<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx11"><td>
<ul><li> <a href="move_constructor.html" title="cpp/language/move constructor">移动构造函数</a>
</li></ul>
</td>
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td></tr>
</table>
<ul><li> <a href="copy_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/copy assignment">复制赋值运算符</a>
</li></ul>
 <table class="t-rev-begin t-rev-begin-noborder">
<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx11"><td>
<ul><li> <a href="move_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/move assignment">移动赋值运算符</a>
</li></ul>
</td>
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td></tr>
</table>
<ul><li> <a href="destructor.html" title="cpp/language/destructor">析构函数</a>
</li></ul>

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